To explore identifying the influencing factors of divorce in Tehran

The aim of this explorative study was to identify influencing factors as main causes of divorce among couples in Tehran. Three hundred persons from family court of Justice participated from March 2006 to March 2007 in this study. Structured interviews in addition a standard questionnaire were employed. The results indicated that the most causes were psychological factors [96.3%], socio-cultural factors [87.3%], sex problems [88%], economic factors [80.3%] and violence [84.3%] in participatnts. Premarital counseling suggested for couples to prevent divorce in Iranian community

[Comparative evaluation of fasting plasma glucose and one hour 50-G glucose challenge test in screening gestational diabetes mellitus]

Gestational diabetes is one of the most common metabolic disorders during pregnancy. In order to find out a simple and cost effective method with acceptable sensitivity and specificity, fasting plasma glucose [FPG] and one hour 50-g glucose challenge test [OGCT] were compared in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus [GDM]. In this prospective cohort study, 1804 pregnant women without preexisting diabetes underwent FPG and OGCT tests between 24 and 28 weeks of gestation. If the OGCT threshold values exceeded >/= 130 mg/dl, the 100g oral glucose tolerance test [OGTT] was performed using Carpenter and Coustan criteria. Receiver operating characteristic [ROC] analysis was used to evaluate the performance of the two tests. GDM was diagnosed in 7.3% and impaired glucose tolerance in 3.2%. The best cut-off points for GCT and FPG were 134mg/dl [sensitivity: 99.24%, specificity: 76.57%] and 87mg/dl [sensitivity: 80.15%, specificity: 85.62%]. By using GCT, an optimal cut-off values of GCT<135mg/dl [sensitivity: 96.95%] to rule out GDM; and values >/= 165mg/dl [specifity: 96.10%] to rule in GDM, would eliminate the need for the OGTT in 80.1% women [misclassification rate: 3.83%]. By using FPG, an optimal cut-off values of <76mg/dl [sensitivity: 95.42%] to rule out GDM; and values >/= 91mg/dl [specifity: 95.56%] to rule in GDM, would eliminate the need for the OGTT in 51% women [misclassification rate: 4.43%]. The results showed that the best test for predicting macrosomia, preterm delivery and caesarian section is OGCT; and for preeclampsia and respiratory distress is FPG. As OGCT can decrease the necessity of OGTT performance with lower misclassification rate comparing to FPG, OGCT would be the best screening test for GDM in Iran

[Comparison between therapeutic effects of doxepine and hydroxyzine on resistant pruritic lesions due to sulfur mustard]

Chronic pruritus is one of the major complaints in chemically-injured patients. It may cause many psychological problems and consequently, decrease the patient's quality of life. The aim of this study is to compare the safety and efficacy of Doxepin and Hydroxyzine in treatment of chronic pruritus due to Sulfur Mustard. This randomized, double-blind clinical trial was carried out in Baqiyatallah hospital on 50 chemically-injured patients for a period of 4 weeks. Patients randomly divided into 2 groups, first group [mean age of 42.3 +/- 5.4 years old] received Doxepin capsules [10 mg/day] and the second group [mean age of 41.1 +/- 6.2 years old] received Hydroxyzine capsules [25 mg/day]. Pruritus score was measured by a standard questionnaire and Visual Analogue Scale [VAS]. The mean before and after-treatment puritus scores of Hydroxyzine, were 34.6 +/- 3.4 and 25.9 +/- 3.1, respectively [P<0.001] and those of Doxepin were 33.8 +/- 4.4 and 24.5 +/- 4.1, respectively [P<0.001]. Both drugs decreased pruritus, similarly [P = 0.245]. 18 patients in the hydroxyzine-received group and 11 patients in the Doxepin-received group were complaining from sedation as a side-effect [P=0.035]. Both drugs are of significant effectiveness in decreasing pruritus. However, considering its fewer side effects, Doxepin seems to be more useful in these conditions

Comparison of efficacy of topical tretinoin 0.05% cream with placebo in treatment of melasma

Melasma is a common disorder of macular hyperpigmentation, which involves mostly in sun-exposed areas of face and neck. Women are more affected. Multiple factors have been postulated to involve in the etiology and pathogenesis of melasma including pregnancy, oral contraceptives, genetics, sun exposure, cosmetics and race. Fifty women completed a randomized, double blind vehicle controlled clinical trial, in which they applied 0.05% tretinoin [n=25] or vehicle cream [n=25] once daily on the face for 12 weeks. 2 weeks after treatment 6 out of 25[24%] tretinoin-treated patients [group 1] were clinically improved, compared with 0 out of 25[0%] in the vehicle group [group2][p=0.022]. 4 weeks after treatment 14[56%] of groupl and 5[20%] of group2 improved [p=0.006]. After 12 weeks, 21 [84%] of groupl and 6[24%] ofgroup2 were improved [p=0.0001] which demonstrated significant improvement in the tretinoin-treated patients compared with the vehicle group. This controlled study demonstrates that topical 0.05% tretinoin alone is considered to be effective in the treatment of melasma patients